Cosmology is currently in a fascinating phase of exploration. For a considerable period, the ΛCDM model has served as our leading framework for understanding the observable Universe. However, tensions and anomalies across various cosmological observations have cast doubt on its status as the definitive model. Moreover, recent findings from DESI-DR1 indicate significant deviations from the ΛCDM model.
In this presentation, I shall discuss a few alternative approaches aimed to investigate these departures from the ΛCDM paradigm and exploring potential new physics in cosmological observations. These approaches are motivated either by theoretical challenges in modeling dark energy or by the motivation to study the robustness of the claims for new exotic physics at cosmological scales, as suggested in current literature.